![]() With the different variations and add-ons of these outdoor playsets, backyard swing sets, and swing sets with bridge, the kids will have more ways to play right in the comforts of their backyards. Swing Set Slides for Gorilla Playsets Hurry Sale Ends In: 8d 2h 2m 17s Home SLIDES SLIDES Sort By Super Tube Slide 1,002.00 4.5 Turbo Tube Slide 699.00 0. Deeper, thicker, and flexible seat design adds both safety and comfort. With everything from dolls, playsets, board games and trampolines, BIG Ws range of toys has something for everyone. Soft plastic coated chains help prevent pinches and keep cooler on hot days. ![]() For ages of 3 to 11 with a weight limit of 250 lbs. Easy Assembly Supported by the step-by-step interactive BILT® app. Made with thermoplastic seat material for exceptional durability. Buckley Hill Residential Wood Playset with Slide. Or, they can have a little beachside fun making castles in the sandbox for an afternoon of creative excitement!Īll these outdoor playsets reflect the perfect balance of instilling safety in their play environment while encouraging excitement, exercising camaraderie among playmates, and playful energy that is important and natural for developing kids. Effortlessly mounts to most residential swing sets for easy compatibility. Maybe you just want to have a little relaxed fun? Not a problem! With the clatter bridge and tower included in these backyard swing sets your kid can have fun exploring from new heights as they peer through the included telescope. Know a certain mountain climber in the house? Our selection of monkey bars, rock climbing walls, climbing ladders, swings, and more are sure to be just the thing they need to have endless amounts of fun! Also, these features are great for building core motor skills and hand eye coordination. They are perfect for quick breaks from homework, or whole afternoons of fun on a sunny weekend. Have a little one who loves to slide? We’ve a great selection! From scoop to wave, tunnel to twister, all our slides are designed to provide loads of fun while also being extremely safe. ![]() Whatever kind of play your kids want they are sure to find it in any one of these exciting swing sets with bridge 7' Assembled Dimensions: 24" W x 82.Transform your backyard into a non-stop adventure filled space with unlimited possibilities with our boldest collection of backyard playsets yet! Why settle for just any old outdoor swing set when you can have one that features an exciting clatter bridge and tower? Everything on this list has been fitted from top to bottom with a wide range of play features to make your kid’s backyard experience the best it can be!.5' Assembled Dimensions: 24" W x 57.5" H x 84" L THE place to buy swing sets in NJ Also THE place to have your childs Birthday Party in Bergen County We are located in Midland Park, Bergen County NJ Swing Sets New Jersey Basketball Hoops NJ Playsets NJ Childrens Birthday Parties Bergen County NJ Open Play Bergen County NJ.These slides are measured shorter than the deck height.How far from the fort does the slide come out? 81", 108" or 132" (Varies by Deck Height).The Super Scoop Slide is proudly made in the USA with a lifetime warranty against cracks. Easily mounts to any 5', 6' or 7' deck height. This one-piece design is constructed of durable plastic that supports up to 250 pounds. The smooth, molded style will allow your kids to slide down fast while keeping them safe. The Super Scoop Slide is a fast and fancy free way for your kids to have fun.
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![]() Rust Check claims that rust proofing once a year will prevent any rust through. Q: When do I need to reapply the rust proofing / undercoating? A: A yearly application is recommended. ![]() Again, this will NOT affect any warranties. These holes are then covered and are hardly noticeable. Q: Why do you need to drill holes? A: Small, half-inch holes are precisely drilled in specific locations of your vehicle so the Rust Check application can effectively protect against rust. Q: Does the rust proofing service void any warranties? A: Rust Check does NOT void any new car warranties. Q: How long does the rust proofing service take? A: A typical rust proofing service takes about an hour. Because who wants to be driving a rusty car? Preventing corrosion and rust can save you costly auto repairs in the future. Q: Why should I rust proof my vehicle? A: Not only does rust make vehicles look bad, but it also affects their performance and durability. This liquid protectant, applied as a pressurized spray, fights and prevents the start and spread of corrosion to your vehicle. Q: What is Rust Check? A: Rust Check is the only rust proofing, undercoating service we trust here at Rudy Schmid. ![]() Please call us with any and all additional questions or to get a quote! We have put together a shortlist of frequently asked questions pertaining to this service we offer. We often get great questions when it comes to rust proofing. They require endless research to prevent them from becoming inaccurate, huge budgets to cater to the elaborate sets, costumes, and props required, and must often strike a balance between staying true to history and entertaining a modern audience. Try on the superior medieval style to enjoy the essence of natural luxury! Material and color options, tailoring for a non-standard figure and height together with communicable online support make purchasing men's medieval costume easy and convenient.The best medieval movies are difficult to do well. Being a part of textile tradition for thousands of years, flax linen and wool broadcast timeless sophistication and casual grace. The secret of our medieval costumes for men store isn't only a huge assortment, but consistently high-quality natural materials. Upper-class medieval male costumes were made of brightly colored fabrics: blue, green, oxblood and purple, while peasantry, considering the high cost of imported dyes, wore darker, gray and brown clothing. Men's upper caftans with a tightly fitted body and flared bottom made up of woolen, brocade or velvet fabrics came in fashion among the nobles during the same period. Only in the mid 14th century, the upper tunic was replaced by pourpoint - kinda short jacket with narrow sleeves, which was initially worn by knights under the armor, but later became a part of a casual medieval costume. Both nobles and common folks wore surcoats and tabards - long sleeveless cover-ups of rectangular shape with a hole for the head, which could be unsewn at the sides. With the appearance of the feudal crests, colors of the men's costume echoed the colouring of his feudal's coat of arms. Starting from the 12th century, tunics were getting longer, narrower at the shoulders and wider at the bottom due to gores sewn into the side seams. Outerwear was represented by a short semicircular cloak fastened at a shoulder, which transformed into a long one later and became known as ‘mantelet' in the Charlemagne era and the Carolingians. A distinctive feature of the medieval male costume were pants that could be long, relatively narrow trousers or tightly fitting chausses like a tricot. Short tunics were still worn by peasants and young people. Initially, both of them were hip length, but from the mid 9th century their bottoms extended and reached the very floor. ![]() Male undertunic featured long, one-piece sleeves, while the upper one had short wide sleeves or no sleeves at all. Two tunics worn girded one over the other formed the basis of the early medieval costumes. To briefly describe a Middle Ages suit, it should be noted that the clothing of the period pointed to the origin, class affiliation, occupation and wealth of the owner. Dark Ages costume (crusaders, Western Europe noblemen and warriors). ![]() Most of our costumes are historically accurate thus fit for reenactment and SCA, other are period-based but have some fantasy elements, and some are exclusive designer's creations, so will feed your imagination and make a great buy for LARPers. We have both plain and modest natural flax linen undertunics, tunics and coats and richly decorated noble costumes from different periods. There is a wide variety of men's medieval costumes of all shapes and sizes in this section - from early Vikings and Eastern European outfits to traditional western clothing, from elegant fantasy garbs of elven warriors or fairy tale prince to monks and crusaders costumes. ArmStreet is well-known for the unique design and high-quality medieval products. ![]() I’m going to a cottage for the weekend, what do I do? You’ll then bring the system the rest of the way and do the install youself (it’s easy, there’s an included guide). Sure, you can either find a meeting spot closer to town (say a shopping center parking lot) and we can meet there or you can give us a call and we’ll find a location together. My party is outside your delivery zone, can I still book? To find out if we deliver to your address (and if there’s a delivery surcharge), type your address on our booking form. If you have a very large party you may want to find someone within your organization who may want to “MC” the night. We do not offer hosting services as our system is simple enough to be operated by the guests themselves. Super easy! You pick a song (by filtering, searching, seeing top songs), add it to the queue, and wait your turn! Delivery and installation is always included in your rental. Our Event Superstar adds a 3rd tablet, 1 projector with a 80″ screen, a 2nd party light and replaces the wired microphones with wireless. For events, our Event Basic includes 2 microphones, 1 large speaker, 2 tablets, 1 22″ screen, 1 party light, the songs and the karaoke machine. For these system we will have to use your television to display the lyrics (or you can rent a screen). The Home Superstar adds a 2nd tablet as well as a party light. What is the difference between your systems?įor home parties, our Home Basic machine comes with 2 microphones, 1 speaker, 1 tablet, the songs and the karaoke machine. We basically rent our home systems at a discount because of how much simpler the rental is for us. Home deliveries are usually weekends, don’t involve elevators or difficult parking, are easy to set up in a living room and are much easier to coordinate with the client, corporate events are the opposite of that. The cost of delivering a machine for your corporate events is much higher than it is for a home delivery. Why can’t I book the home system for my corporate event? The system you rent from us is custom made to give you the best singing experience! The speaker alone costs over $1000! If you want your guests to take your karaoke party seriously you need to show them you’re serious about it too by renting some high quality equipment. Why should I spend $200+ when I can buy a machine on Amazon for $100 or rent for less with one of your competitors? You don’t even need to be present for the installation (as long as we’ve been told where to install the system) If you have a TV or projector we’ll even take care of plugging our system into it. All the necessary cables and adapters are included.Īll we need is one or two electrical outlets! No WiFi or anything else, we’ll take care of the rest. Yes! When you’re not singing karaoke you can use your phone/tablet/laptop to listen whatever music you like (from Spotify, Youtube, Apple Music, etc). Less than 24 hours: you must pay 100% of the total cost. Between one week and 24 hours before the event: you must pay 50% of the total cost. One week before the event: full refund less a fee of 3%. We’ve been in business since 2013 and have had 1000’s of parties. You can also look at all our Google and Facebook reviews on our reviews page. ![]() If you’re hesitant about booking with us (we understand!) then give us a call to talk with either Sean or Hector. How do I know you will show up, I’ve never heard of you? We accept payments by American Express, Master Card and Visa. If the date you picked is available you’ll be able to book, if not you’ll get a message saying you can’t. To see if a system is available for a certain date have a look at our booking page. ![]() ![]() For the month of December you should book as soon as you can as we do often sell out! We do however recommend you book at least one month before to make sure we have a system available for you. You can book up to 6 months head and as little as 2 days before your party. ![]() ![]() As always, the food was presented to an exacting standard and the young staff were friendly, polite and attentive despite it being extremely busy. We finished off with a slice of amazing chocolate fudge cake with chocolate mousse layer and fresh raspberries and a chocolate and coffee opera cake - absolutely fabulous. Home made chilli, my daughter's favourite also went down a treat with sour cream, grated cheese and tortilla chips. The sharing platter gave mum the opportunity to sample the Scandinavian Club Sandwich, one of my favourites, a slice of warm, home-made quiche and an open sandwich on artisan bread. I opted for the award-winning gourmet bagel with smoked salmon, prawns, guacamole, rocket and chilli jam with dressed salad. Fantastic choice with mouthwatering specials. Today was no exception, Took my mum for a birthday lunch. I have visited regularly since the Buttercup opened its doors and have always been blown away by the quality and choice of food. Our courtyard is a great place to enjoy eating al fresco during good weather and our courtyard room is an ideal venue for private lunches, meetings or family events We offer a takeout service and we offer an Outdoor Catering Service - whether you're having a private party, office meeting or any other function, please call and we would be happy to discuss further details with you. Furthermore, we have received a Scottish Home Baking Award for 'the most voted cafe online' and reached the final of the British Sandwich Association's 'Designer Sandwich of the Year' competition in both 2013 & 2014 Freshly made delicious food, great coffee, an extensive cake selection and a welcoming atmosphere are our trademark. At Buttercup Cafe, we pride ourselves on delivering excellent quality of food and service and we are very proud that we have achieved a Certificate of Excellence from Tripadvisor three years running. Doune is famed for its Castle, the setting of the film 'Monty Python and the Holy Grail' as well as the recent British-American TV Drama 'Outlander'. The wide-ranging and tempting selection of home baking will have to wait for another day and watching a nearby couple enjoying their Afternoon Tea (£8.95 per person) has ensured that a return visit will be planned VERY soon.Description: Situated in the small village of Doune, Perthshire a short distance away from Dunblane, Stirling and Callander as well as The Trossachs National Park. You can share tasty steak sandwiches, smoked salmon and steaks with your friends and spend a nice time here. Buttercup Cafe is recommended for British and Scottish cuisines served. what is everyone else having? Mini burgers, quiche and salad, club sandwiches but we choose a bowl of lentil and ham soup (£3.95) and a chicken caesar salad (£5.80) both enjoyed and were washed down with two cans (each) of diet coke … well I did say we were a bit sweaty and thirsty! 1 of 8 cafes in Doune Add a photo 95 photos If you feel hungry after visiting Doune Castle, have a meal at this cafe. ![]() ![]() However, we plonked ourselves down at a table beside the window giving us a good view of the others in the vicinity – good tactic when trying to decide what to have for lunch. Sitting outside was rather tempting as the sun pouring in the large front windows did make the café rather warm when first entered. BUTTERCUP CAFE LIMITED is a hospitality company based out of 3 ALPIN DRIVE, DUNBLANE, PERTHSHIRE, United Kingdom. Seating is comfortable and roomy (hate it when they pack too many seats into a small space leaving you to squeeeeze your butt into your chair) and if tempted, you can even sit outside on a sunny day. Situated on the main street through the village, it is a bright and airy café providing a selection of lovely goodies. On a sunny Sunday, while a bit sweaty and very thirsty, my friend and I ventured into Doune village centre in search of somewhere for lunch and found the Buttercup Café. ![]() We talk about the club in Westchester that rejected black Scarsdale resident and millionaire magazine publisher Earl Graves, who sits on Fortune 500 boards, owns a Pepsi-distribution franchise, raised three bright Ivy League children, and holds prestigious honorary degrees. My black Ivy League friends and I talk about black company vice-presidents who have to beg white subordinates to invite them out for golf or tennis. So why shouldn’t we-especially when we have the same ambitions, social graces, credentials, and salaries? When I talk to my black lawyer or investment-banker friends or my wife, a brilliant black woman who has degrees from Harvard College, law school, and business school, I learn that our white counterparts are being accepted by dozens of these elite institutions. I am not ashamed to admit that I one day want to be a partner and a part of this network. How many clients and deals am I going to line up on the asphalt parking lot of my local public tennis courts? As a young lawyer, I realize that these clubs are where business people network, where lawyers and investment bankers meet potential clients and arrange deals. Today, I’m back where I started-on a street of five- and six-bedroom colonials with expensive cars, and neighbors who all belong somewhere. My grandparents owned a Memphis trucking firm, and as far back as I can remember, our family was well off and we had little trouble fitting in-even though I was the only black kid on the high-school tennis team, the only one in the orchestra, the only one in my Roman Catholic confirmation class. In my crowd, the question wasn’t “Do you belong?” It was “Where?” ![]() ![]() The family next door belonged to the Scarsdale Golf Club. My teenage tennis partner from Scarsdale introduced me to the Beach Point Club on weekends before he left for Harvard. Across the street, my best friend introduced me to the Westchester Country Club before he left for Groton and Yale. I grew up in an affluent white neighborhood in Westchester, and all my playmates and neighbors belonged somewhere. Back then, in 1972, I saw these clubs only as a place where families socialized. I remember stepping up to the pool at a country club when I was 10 and setting off a chain reaction: Several irate parents dragged their children out of the water and fled. Quite frankly, I got into this country club the only way that a black man like me could-as a $7-an-hour busboy.Īfter seeing dozens of news stories about Dan Quayle, Billy Graham, Ross Perot, and others who either belonged to or frequented white country clubs, I decided to find out what things were really like at a club where I saw no black members. Although these might seem like good credentials, they’re not the ones that brought me here. I’m a graduate of Princeton University (1983) and Harvard Law School (1988), and I’ve written eleven nonfiction books. I’m a 30-year-old corporate lawyer at a midtown Manhattan firm, and I make $105,000 a year. Before me stands the 100-year-old Greenwich Country Club- the country club-in the affluent, patrician, and very white town of Greenwich, Connecticut, where there are eight clubs for 59,000 people. The building’s six huge chimneys, the two wings with slate-gray shutters, and the white-brick façade loom over a luxuriant golf course. At one bend of the drive, a freshly clipped lawn and a trail of yellow daffodils slope gently up to the four-pillared portico of a white Georgian colonial. I drive up the winding lane past a long stone wall and beneath an archway of 60-feet maples. ![]() Ready to take a closer look at using a PayPal Business account? Read our PayPal Business Review. The PayPal Seller Protection covers merchants for the full purchase amount in case of claims, chargebacks, and reversals of eligible transactions. PayPal Business accounts get access to better customer support via the PayPal Business Support Center and take advantage of the PayPal Seller Protection at no additional costs if you meet the requirements. Aside from these, PayPal Business accounts can enjoy lower rates for instant payouts and higher transaction limits than PayPal Personal accounts. It also lets you claim tax benefits for any transactions that may qualify for tax deductions. Having a PayPal Business account also gives you the ability to allow limited access to the account for up to 200 employees. On the other hand, PayPal Business accounts come with aggregated merchant accounts and enjoy more business-related features, such as adding a point-of-sale (POS) system, requesting payments using payment links, integrating with ecommerce platforms, or processing payments with the PayPal virtual terminal. PayPal Personal accounts may also send invoices to other PayPal accounts to request payments. It has limited capabilities in accepting payments except from other PayPal Personal accounts. It functions like a typical digital wallet that lets you make purchases and send payments. PayPal Personal only offers basic transactions and limited features. It ranges from 2.29% + 9 cents using a QR code to 3.49% + 49 cents (other commercial transactions). The fees for receiving or accepting payments through each of these methods differ. PayPal Business accounts have different options available for accepting or receiving payments: by sending an invoice, through a PayPal payment link, using PayPal on your website, and through a QR code. If the sender does not opt to shoulder the fees, it will be deducted from the amount credited to your PayPal account. The sender has the option of paying for the fees so that you receive your full invoice amount. ![]() When sending an invoice from a PayPal Personal account, merchant fees will be applied to payments made toward that invoice, typically 2.99% + 49 cents. However, if the money is sent from a non-domestic PayPal account, currency conversion fees may apply. There are no fees for receiving or accepting money from other PayPal Personal accounts. There are only two ways to accept or receive money with a PayPal Personal account: directly from another PayPal account or by sending an invoice. ![]() Whenever a device doesn’t know how to reach an IP address directly, it forwards its reply to its default gateway and if that isn’t the VPN gateway, it won’t know what to do with that reply data. If the VPN gateway is not the default gateway, you will in many cases need a suitable routing setup in order for responses to reach you. Is your VPN gateway the default gateway (router) of its network? VPN Tracker automatically runs the test for every new Internet connection it is able to detect but even if a connection has been tested before, there are various reasons why the behavior of that connection may have changed in the meantime.ħ. The results of this test depend on the capabilities of your local Internet router/modem or the Internet connection itself and they influence how the VPN tunnel is established. The VPN Availability Test can be found in the menu: Tools > VPN Availability Test. If you can't ping anything, try re-running the VPN Availability Test So if you can ping that address but no other remote address, it is most likely a routing issue at the remote end.Ħ. The LAN address of the VPN gateway is special in the regard that this address doesn’t need to be routed at all. You can find a ping tool directly in VPN Tracker under Tools > Ping Host. ![]() Can you ping the LAN address of the VPN gateway? If that field is empty in your configuration, VPN Tracker will just use the IP address of your primary network interface as local address, and of course, this can also cause an address conflict with another user, that’s why we do not recommend to leave that field empty if there are multiple VPN users.ĥ. If multiple VPN users exist, pleas make sure no two users are using the same local address (Basic > Local Address), otherwise one of them will not be able to use the tunnel anymore whenever both of them are connected. Could multiple VPN users use the same local address? Refer to the configuration guide for your VPN gateway for more information.Ĥ. Mode Config, EasyVPN, DHCP over VPN) you may be able to assign a local address to VPN Tracker that is part of the remote network. If you are using an automatic configuration method (e.g. For example, if your remote network is 192.168.13.0/24, do not use an address starting with 192.168.13. Please use a local address that is outside all remote networks. Using a local address in VPN Tracker (Basic > Local Address) that is part of the remote network is not possible with most VPN gateways. Is the local address in VPN Tracker part of the remote network? Is the IP address you are connecting to really part of the remote network?įor example, if your remote network is 192.168.13.0/24, you should be able to connect to IPs starting with 192.168.13.x, but connections to IPs starting with 192.168.14.x will not work as they are outside the address range of traffic tunneled through the VPN.ģ. Note that using Bonjour or NETBIOS hostnames is generally not possible over VPN.Ģ. Please make sure DNS is enabled for the VPN connection and correctly configured. If that works, the problem has to do with DNS resolution. ![]() If you are using a host name, please try once using its IP address instead. Are you trying to connect to the destination device using a host name? The destination device can be anything from a normal computer, to a server, to a network printer.ġ. In this FAQ we will be using destination device as a generic term for the device you are trying to connect to. This FAQ will help you to find out what is causing the problem in your specific situation. There are a number of possible causes for such a behavior. ![]() We genuinely care about our customers and want them to enjoy growing their own tropical plants and trees. This warranty guarantees a free replacement if your tree dies under normal circumstances - you just cover the shipping costs. This is why all of our trees and plants come with a free warranty. We have seen many mail order companies come and go in our time but we are still here! It is our mission to provide the best producing and healthiest trees in the country. Back then, we were the only farm selling citrus trees online. We started our first online store back in 2004. Each plant or tree that leaves our farm is approved by the USDA and ships directly from our farm to your door. You can then follow your plant’s journey and ensure someone is available to unpack it on arrival day.Home of the 3 Year Warranty, since 2004. Our Citrus & Fruit Trees are nurtured by extremely experienced growers at our sixth-generation family farm. Once shipped, UPS will generate a tracking number and send it to the email you provided. Depending on your location, you’ll likely receive your plant by Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday of that week. Our checkout process features a handy calendar that allows you to choose the Monday on which you want your plant to ship. It’s as though you’ve personally collected them from our nursery!Ĭhoose Your Ship Date: We understand you’ll want to be available when your plant arrives. We thoroughly prune and water them before packing, and make sure they’re well wrapped to retain moisture during transit. Your plant will travel in the very container in which it was nurtured. The Journey From Our Nursery to Your Door: We NEVER ship our plants bare root. Shipping Informationīefore Your Plants Arrive: You can find many guides on unpacking, planting, & care, on our growing guides page. Additionally, citrus trees can only be shipped within the state of Florida. Unfortunately, We Cannot Process Orders to California, Hawaii, Alaska, or Internationally: Please note that due to specific agricultural regulations, we’re unable to ship any plants to the states of California, Hawaii, and Alaska, or outside the United States. You can find many planting & care guides on our growing guides page. Let the adventure of Fruitscaping™ unfold with our Tangerine Trees. With our Tangerine Trees, Fruitscaping™ becomes an enchanting journey from mindful planting and nurturing to the gratification of tasting your own sun-kissed harvest. ![]() Limited space doesn’t mean you have to miss out on this citrus joy! Tangerine trees adapt well to container growing, so even if you’re an urban gardener or space-constrained, you can still savor the delight of sun-ripened, homegrown tangerines. Whether consumed fresh, included in salads, or turned into a refreshing juice, the versatility of tangerines will surely inspire your culinary adventures. Mandarin tangerines will delight you with their perfect harmony of tart and sweet, while the easy-to-peel skin of the Satsumas and the seedless bounty of the Clementines offer a wonderful ease of enjoyment. As the seasons transition, the trees become adorned with brilliant orange fruit, offering an uplifting display against winter’s chill.Įach of our tangerine varieties has its own unique appeal. In spring, they unfurl a display of delicate white flowers, filling your garden with a delightful, fragrant aroma. Thriving in sunny, well-draining locations, Tangerine trees exhibit an evergreen charm that makes them an eye-catching piece all year round. Celebrated for their sun-kissed fruit and robust nature, these citrus gems are a joy to grow and an enticing addition to any garden space. Whether you’re charmed by the sweet, succulent Mandarin, the cold-hardy Satsuma, or the seedless Clementine, our array of tangerines will be sure to captivate your senses and enhance your garden. Immerse yourself in the vibrant world of Fruitscaping™ with our Tangerine Trees. This product is specifically formulated for citrus & avocado trees, providing them with the essential nutrients they need for vibrant growth and abundant harvests. ![]() Maintenance Fertilizer: For continued growth and fruit production, we recommend Espoma Organic Citrus-tone Fertilizer. This potent blend boosts root mass and aids in mitigating transplant shock, ensuring your plants thrive in their new home. Starter Fertilizer: Kickstart with Espoma Organic Bio-tone® Starter Plus. ![]() ![]() The name "Sun Wu" ( 孫武) does not appear in any text prior to the Records of the Grand Historian, and has been suspected to be a made-up descriptive cognomen meaning "the fugitive warrior", glossing the surname "Sun" as the related term "fugitive" ( xùn 遜), while "Wu" ( wǔ 武) is (1) the ancient Chinese virtue of "martial, valiant" and (2) a Jianghuai dialectal synonym of 士 shì " knight", which corresponds to Sunzi's role as the hero's doppelgänger in the story of Wu Zixu. Authorship Fragments of The Art of War discovered as a part of the Yinqueshan Han Slips, showing the version of The Art of War that was popular in Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD)īeginning around the 12th century, some Chinese scholars began to doubt the historical existence of Sun Tzu, primarily on the grounds that he is not mentioned in the historical classic The Commentary of Zuo ( Zuo Zhuan), which mentions most of the notable figures from the Spring and Autumn period. The Art of War appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories, but listings of its divisions and size varied widely. Cao's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages, but the extent of his changes were unclear historically. The strategist, poet, and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the Art of War. The conventional view was that Sun Wu was a military theorist from the end of the Spring and Autumn period (776–471 BC) who fled his home state of Qi to the southeastern kingdom of Wu, where he is said to have impressed the king with his ability to quickly train even court women in military discipline and to have made Wu's armies powerful enough to challenge their western rivals in the state of Chu. This text was traditionally identified with the received Master Sun's Art of War. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, the first of China's 24 dynastic histories, records an early Chinese tradition that a text on military matters was written by one "Sun Wu" ( 孫武) from the State of Qi, and that this text had been read and studied by King Helü of Wu ( r. 514 BC – 495 BC). Although Sun Tzu, who is usually linked with existing in the 6th century BC, the earliest sections of The Art of War most likely date to at least 100 years after him. The Art of War is traditionally attributed to an ancient Chinese military general known as Sun Tzu (now Romanized "Sunzi") meaning "Master Sun". are all cited as having drawn inspiration from the book. Military and political leaders such as the Chinese communist revolutionary Mao Zedong, Japanese daimyō Takeda Shingen, Vietnamese general Võ Nguyên Giáp, and American military generals Douglas MacArthur and Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. A partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War. The book was translated into French and published in 1772 (re-published in 1782) by the French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot. Considered one of history's finest military tacticians and analysts, his teachings and strategies formed the basis of advanced military training for millennia to come. Sun also stressed the importance of intelligence operatives and espionage to the war effort. The book contains a detailed explanation and analysis of the 5th-century BC Chinese military, from weapons, environmental conditions, and strategy to rank and discipline. The Art of War remains the most influential strategy text in East Asian warfare and has influenced both East Asian and Western military theory and thinking and has found a variety of applications in a myriad of competitive non-military endeavors across the modern world including espionage, Ĭulture, politics, business, and sports. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that was formalized as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. Each one is devoted to a different set of skills or art related to warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun"), is composed of 13 chapters. 'Sun Tzu's Military Method') is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Late Spring and Autumn Period (roughly 5th century BC). The Art of War ( Chinese: 孫子兵法 pinyin: Sūnzǐ bīngfǎ lit. |
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